Peer-Reviewed Research

Built on Science

Every algorithm, threshold, and formula in MyTrainerOS is backed by peer-reviewed sports science. Here are the studies behind our features.

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Nutrition Intelligence

Adaptive TDEE, macro calculation, and nutritional periodization

Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, et al. (1990)

A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals

Mifflin-St Jeor is the most accurate BMR estimation equation for non-obese populations (±10% error).

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition DOI ↗

Morton RW, Murphy KT, et al. (2018)

A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of protein supplementation

Protein intake of 1.6 g/kg/day maximizes resistance-training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength.

British Journal of Sports Medicine DOI ↗

Hector AJ, Phillips SM (2018)

Protein recommendations for weight loss in elite athletes

During caloric restriction, protein needs increase to 2.3–3.1 g/kg FFM/day to preserve lean mass.

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism DOI ↗

Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, et al. (2021)

Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP-1)

STEP-1 trial reported ~40% of GLP-1-driven weight loss is lean mass — directly motivates our resistance-training and protein-target algorithms for members on GLP-1 medications.

New England Journal of Medicine DOI ↗
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Recovery Intelligence

HRV monitoring, readiness scoring, and recovery protocols

Plews DJ, Laursen PB, et al. (2012)

Training adaptation and heart rate variability in elite endurance athletes

lnRMSSD coefficient of variation >10% indicates maladaptation; daily HRV monitoring guides training load.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance DOI ↗

Plews DJ, Laursen PB, et al. (2013)

Monitoring training with heart-rate variability: How much compliance is needed for valid assessment?

7-day rolling average of lnRMSSD provides reliable baseline; morning measurements preferred.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance DOI ↗

Buchheit M (2014)

Monitoring training status with HR measures: do all roads lead to Rome?

Establishes 7-day rolling baseline as the methodological standard for HRV-guided training decisions; CV stability check separates real training response from measurement noise.

Frontiers in Physiology DOI ↗

Saw AE, Main LC, Gastin PB (2016)

Monitoring the athlete training response: subjective self-reported measures trump commonly used objective measures

Subjective wellness questionnaires outperform objective markers (HRV, biochem, salivary cortisol) for detecting training response — informs the 10% subjective weight in our composite recovery score.

British Journal of Sports Medicine DOI ↗

Flatt AA, Esco MR (2015)

Heart rate variability stabilization in athletes

HRV requires 7+ measurement days to stabilize; recommends rolling-window CV for assessing whether the athlete has reached a stable baseline.

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

Achten J, Jeukendrup AE (2003)

Heart rate monitoring: applications and limitations

Resting heart rate trends reflect parasympathetic activity and recovery state; foundational for the 10% RHR weight in the composite readiness score.

Sports Medicine

Fullagar HHK, Skorski S, et al. (2015)

Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise

Sleep loss measurably impairs reaction time, cognitive function, and recovery — supports 25% sleep-quality weight in the composite recovery score.

Sports Medicine

Watson AM (2017)

Sleep and athletic performance

7–9 hours of sleep is the evidence-based optimal range for athletes; chronic restriction below 7h impairs strength and endurance markers.

Current Sports Medicine Reports

Walker M (2017)

Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams

Sleep <6 hours reduces testosterone, growth hormone, and athletic recovery. 7–9 hours recommended.

Scribner (Book)
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Injury Prevention

ACWR monitoring, volume spike detection, and risk prediction

Leckey S, et al. (2025)

Machine learning approaches for sports injury prediction: A scoping review

XGBoost is the top-performing ML model for injury prediction across multiple studies.

British Journal of Sports Medicine DOI ↗

Gabbett TJ (2016)

The training—injury prevention paradox

ACWR sweet spot of 0.8–1.3 minimizes injury risk. Spikes >1.5 increase injury odds by 2–4x.

British Journal of Sports Medicine DOI ↗

Foster C (1998)

Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome

Training monotony (mean/SD of daily load) >2.0 with high strain predicts illness and overtraining.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise DOI ↗
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Program Design

E1RM tracking, progressive overload, and plateau detection

Epley B (1985)

Poundage chart

E1RM = Weight × (1 + Reps/30). Standard formula for estimating 1-rep max from submaximal loads.

Boyd Epley Workout

Brzycki M (1993)

Strength testing—predicting a one-rep max from reps-to-fatigue

E1RM = Weight × 36/(37 - Reps). Most accurate for 3–10 rep range.

Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance

Schoenfeld BJ, et al. (2017)

Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and muscle hypertrophy

10+ weekly sets per muscle group optimal for hypertrophy. Progressive volume increase of 2–5% per mesocycle recommended.

Journal of Sports Sciences DOI ↗

Schoenfeld BJ (2010)

The mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and their application to resistance training

Three primary hypertrophy mechanisms — mechanical tension, metabolic stress, muscle damage — informs the AI program builder block selection logic.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research DOI ↗

Zourdos MC, Klemp A, et al. (2016)

Novel resistance training-specific rating of perceived exertion scale measuring repetitions in reserve

Validates the RPE-based RIR scale used by our auto-regulation engine; ~2.5% load adjustment per RPE point keeps weekly volume on target.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research DOI ↗

Issurin VB (2010)

New horizons for the methodology and physiology of training periodization

Establishes block periodization as a viable alternative to linear and undulating models — drives our three-mode periodization picker (Linear / Block / DUP).

Sports Medicine

Rhea MR, Alvar BA, Burkett LN, Ball SD (2003)

A meta-analysis to determine the dose response for strength development

Daily-Undulating Periodization produces greater strength gains than Linear when matched for total volume — informs the DUP option in our program builder.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

Stone MH, O'Bryant H, Garhammer J (1981)

A theoretical model of strength training

Original framework for linear periodization (volume → intensity progression across mesocycles) — still the default phase-progression in our auto-periodizer.

NSCA Journal
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Behavior Change

Habit formation, adherence, and engagement psychology

Lally P, van Jaarsveld CHM, et al. (2010)

How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world

Average time to automaticity is 66 days. Missing one day has negligible impact on habit formation.

European Journal of Social Psychology DOI ↗

Dai H, Milkman KL, Riis J (2014)

The Fresh Start Effect: Temporal landmarks motivate aspirational behavior

Temporal landmarks (Mondays, month starts, birthdays) increase goal pursuit — the Fresh Start Effect.

Management Science DOI ↗

Aldosary M, Alrashdan I (2021)

Predicting gym member churn using machine learning

XGBoost model achieved 92.1% accuracy predicting gym member churn from attendance and engagement features.

Information Sciences Letters

Burke LE, Wang J, Sevick MA (2011)

Self-monitoring in weight loss: A systematic review of the literature

Self-monitoring of diet and physical activity is the single strongest predictor of successful weight management.

Journal of the American Dietetic Association DOI ↗

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